- James J. Hill (#371)
- he called vertical integration rational integration
- back then railroads were analogous to internet
- the government was paying by the miles
- what happened was bunch of inefficient rail routs being built
- james, on the other hand, was obsessed with straight (i.e., efficient) rails
- he had monopoly but because it lowered prices
- he was micromanaging, because he had his own stake in the company