The ERE—the Austrian version of the “long-run”—is by definition unobservable in the real world, and the Austrians are well aware of this (unlike the so-called mathematical economists).

“Alfred Marshall considers the “long run” as actually existing, as being the permanent, persistent, observable element beneath the fitful, basically unimportant flux of market value. The long run, by its very nature, never does and never can exist. The point at issue is that it is not observable, or real, as are actual market prices.”

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