The subjective utility of individuals—both of consumers and producers—alone (a “monistic causal explanation”) determines how much productive energy and savings will go into producing goods (i.e., size)—both total size and specific sizes.

“The price of the final product is determined by the valuations and demands of the consumers, and this price determines what the cost will be.”

“Costs of production, then, are at the mercy of final price, and not the other way around. It is ironic that it is precisely in the ERE that this causative phenomenon should be the clearest.”

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