Since money is the general medium of exchange and can be invested in all products, this close competition extends throughout the length and breadth of the production structure. It is the “social rate of time preference.” It is the “price of time” on the market as the resultant of all the individual valuations of that good.”

Not only must the interest rate be uniform for each good; it must be uniform for every stage of every good. In the real world of uncertainty, the tendency of entrepreneurial actions is always in the direction of establishing a uniform rate of interest throughout all time markets in the economy.”

The rate of interest will tend to be equalized for all areas of the economy, as it were in three dimensions—“horizontally” in every process of production, “vertically” at every stage of production, and “in depth,” in the consumer loan market as well as in the production structure.” (p. 420)

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