“One should always look for a possible alternative and provide against it. It is the first rule of criminal investigation.” – Sherlock Holmes
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- 2-1a6c1 ‘Tendency to minimize energy output’ - Align your incentives properly, then (almost) everything will follow
- Problem-solving novices try to reduce a decision to just two options because it creates the false sense that they’ve gotten to the problem’s essence. In reality, they’ve just stopped thinking. And you never want to stop thinking! Novices fail to see the complexities of a problem that are apparent to a master. Masters see the simplicity hiding in the complexity. As Frederic Maitland purportedly once wrote, “Simplicity is the end result of long, hard work, not the starting point.”
- RUL3 - Avoid premature optimization
- 2-1a6c3 ‘Global and local maxima’ - Don’t prematurely overoptimize. Occasionally throw in some ‘randomness’.
- 5-2b4a You can either decide from existent options, or make a decision (literally in the sense of creation) by creating new explanation
- 3-1a2 The problem itself doesn’t care how it’s solved. Everything should be structured around solving problems.
- Remember: Limiting ourselves to binary thinking before fully understanding a problem is a dangerous simplification that creates blind spots. False dualities prevent you from seeing alternative paths and other information that might change your mind. On the other hand, taking away one of two clear options forces you to reframe the problem and get unstuck.
- The bad outcome principle: Don’t just imagine the ideal future outcome. Imagine the things that could go wrong and how you’ll overcome them if they do.
- The 3+ principle: Force yourself to explore at least three possible solutions to a problem. If you find yourself considering only two options, force yourself to find at least one more.
- Safeguard: Imagine that one of the options is off the table. Take each of the options you’re considering, and one at a time, ask yourself, “What would I do if that were not possible?“
- Look for similar problems already solved, and try to find an analogy to your problem
- Restate the problem in as many ways as possible. Try to look at it from many different perspectives
- Generalize the solution to an already solved problem and see if it can apply to your problem
- Divide and conquer
- The best way to solve a hard problem is by understanding the system and the principles that govern it